DDP: what the price actually includes

DDP means the seller delivers to an agreed place and bears risk until that point. The price usually includes export, freight, import duties and delivery.

DDP does not always include installation, commissioning, training or utility connections. These are often a separate contract.

Clarify who is the importer, who pays VAT and how it is recovered, and what happens during customs delays. The answers belong in the contract, not in email.

For a first shipment DDP reduces the buyer's operational load, but it needs a transparent cost breakdown so you know what you are paying for.